{"id":934,"date":"2015-11-17T07:58:58","date_gmt":"2015-11-17T07:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.punjabexamportal.com\/11052024\/?p=934"},"modified":"2023-03-20T09:47:24","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T09:47:24","slug":"agriculture-notes-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.punjabexamportal.com\/11052024\/2015\/11\/17\/agriculture-notes-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Agriculture Notes (Part-2) | Special Notes for Revenue Patwari Exam"},"content":{"rendered":"

This transformation from a plant to a finished product involves three types of economic activities. These are
\n1) Primary –<\/em> Primary activities include all those connected with extraction and production of natural resources or raw materials from the Earth. Example – Agriculture, Fishing and Gathering
\n2) Secondary –<\/em> Secondary activities involves the transformation of raw materials into goods, Example – Manufacturing of steel, Baking of bread and Weaving of cloth
\n3) Tertiary Activities –<\/em> Provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services. Example – Transport, trade, banking, insurance and advertising<\/p>\n

Land Use Categories Land<\/strong><\/p>\n

Land Use Categories Land-use records are maintained by land revenue department. The land use categories add up to reporting area, which is somewhat different from the geographical area. The Survey of India is responsible for measuring geographical area of administrative units in India. Have you ever used a map prepared by Survey of India? The difference between the two concepts are that while the former changes somewhat depending on the estimates of the land revenue records, the latter does not change and stays fixed as per Survey of India measurements<\/p>\n

The land-use categories as maintained in the Land Revenue Records are as follows :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Forests :<\/em> It is important to note that area under actual forest cover is different from area classified as forest. The latter is the area which the Government has identified and demarcated for forest growth. The land revenue records are consistent with the latter definition. Thus, there may be an increase in this category without any increase in the actual forest cover.<\/li>\n
  2. Land put to Non-agricultural Uses :<\/em> Land under settlements (rural and urban), infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.), industries, shops, etc. are included in this category. An expansion in the secondary and tertiary activities would lead to an increase in this category of land-use.<\/li>\n
  3. Barren and Wastelands :<\/em> The land which may be classified as a wasteland such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. normally cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology.<\/li>\n
  4. Area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands :<\/em> Most of this type land is owned by the village ‘Panchayat’ or the Government. Only a small proportion of this land is privately owned. The land owned by the village panchayat comes under ‘Common Property Resources’.<\/li>\n
  5. Area under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves(Not included is Net sown Area) :<\/em> The land under orchards and fruit trees are included in this category. Much of this land is privately owned.<\/li>\n
  6. Culturable Waste-Land :<\/em> Any land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is included in this category. It can be brought under cultivation after improving it through reclamation practices.<\/li>\n
  7. Current Fallow :<\/em> This is the land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year. Fallowing is a cultural practice adopted for giving the land rest. The land recoups the lost fertility through natural processes.<\/li>\n
  8. Fallow other than Current Fallow :<\/em> This is also a cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years. If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorised as culturable wasteland.<\/li>\n
  9. Net Area Sown :<\/em> The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harvested is known as net sown area.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    Varieties of Different Important Crops<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Rice<\/em> : (First introduced drawf variety into India), IR-8, Jaya (Blast Resistant),Padma, Mashuri, Kakatiya, Pusa Basumati, Pusa Jaldidan, Lunisree, Ratna, TKM-6 (Stem borer resistant), Kataribogh (Tungro resistant), ADT-27 (indica x japonica), Santchousong (High protein content), Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen, Bala (Drought resistant), IR-20 (Resistant to Blast, BLB, stemborer, leafhopper).<\/li>\n
    • Wheat<\/em> :\n
        \n
      • Introduction from Mexico: Lerma Rojo and sonara-64.<\/li>\n
      • Single gene dwarf varieties <\/em>: Safed lerma, Sharbati sonara, pusa Lerma, Chotu lerma.<\/li>\n
      • Double gene dwarf varieties<\/em>: Shera, Arjun, Janak.<\/li>\n
      • Triple gene dwarf varieties<\/em>: Heera, Moti.<\/li>\n
      • HD series, Kundan, C-306 (drought resistant).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Chickpea <\/em>:  Pusa 256 PBG-1 203, Pusa 209: Gaurav ICCC-32, Ajay.<\/li>\n
      • Pigeonpea<\/em> : UPAS-120 9short duration), ICPH-8 (First Hybrid), (Arhar) Pusa 33, Pusa Agati, ICPL 37. Hira, Mukta, Bahar, Prabat. SBH-8.  Sugarcane: Noble Canes: CO-419, Co-997<\/li>\n
      • Soybean<\/em> : Bragg, Lee Clark-63, Shilajeet, Pusa 16, 20, 24, PK-327<\/li>\n
      • Tomato<\/em> : Pusa Sheetal, Pusa-120, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Ruby, Margologe, Sioux,\u00b7 Pusa Gauray, Best of All.<\/li>\n
      • Mango <\/em>:\n
          \n
        • Malika (neelam x dasheri),Amrapali (dasheri x neelam)<\/li>\n
        • Ratna (neelam x alphonso)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Bannana<\/em> :\n
            \n
          • Poovan (larplur, Chakrakeli), Basrai, Champa<\/li>\n
          • Hill Bananas <\/em>: Sirumali, virupakshi<\/li>\n
          • Culinary varieties <\/em>: Monthan, Gross Mitchell, Mindoli Robusta Rasthali<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • Rose:<\/em> Chitra, Dr. B. P. Pal, Priyadarshini, Nehru Ceremony, Jawhar, Abisarika, Banjara, Randhawa.<\/li>\n
          • Califlower:<\/em> Pusa Deepali, Pusa synthetic, Pusa Katki, Early Snowball, Kanwari ,Early, Patna, Patna Main crop, Snowball-16, Sutton’s Snowball Japanese improved, Dania, Aghani, Poosi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Top producing state <\/strong><\/p>\n

            Apple<\/em> – Jammu & Kashmir Largest
            \nBanana<\/em> – Tamil
            \nCashew nut<\/em> – Maharashtra
            \nCitrus, Lemon, Mosambi<\/em> – Pradesh
            \nCoarse Cereal<\/em> – Karnataka, Rajasthan
            \nCocoa<\/em> – Kerala
            \nCoconut<\/em> – Tamil Nadu
            \nCotton<\/em> – Gujarat
            \nGrapes<\/em> – Maharashtra
            \nHorticulture Products<\/em> – West Bengal
            \nJute<\/em> – West Bengal
            \nLitchi<\/em> – Bihar
            \nMaize<\/em> – Andhra Pradesh
            \nMango<\/em> – Uttar Pradesh & Andhra Pradesh
            \nOilseeds<\/em> – Gujarat
            \nOrange<\/em> – Punjab
            \nRapeseed & Mustard<\/em> – Rajasthan
            \nRice<\/em> – West Bengal
            \nSoyabean<\/em> – Madhya Pradesh
            \nSugar<\/em> – Maharashtra
            \nSugarcane<\/em> – Uttar Pradesh
            \nSunflower<\/em> – Karnataka
            \nTotal Food Grains<\/em> – Uttar Pradesh
            \nTotal Fruits<\/em> – Andhra Pradesh Largest
            \nTotal Spices<\/em> – Andhra Pradesh Largest
            \nTotal Vegetables<\/em> – West Bengal
            \nWheat<\/em> – Uttar Pardesh<\/p>\n

            Fruit types with Example<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Berries : <\/em> Grapes, Guava, Phalsa, Tomato, Brinjal, Chitiles<\/li>\n
            2. Drupe : <\/em> Mango, Peach, Plum, Cherry, Apricot<\/li>\n
            3. Hesperidum : <\/em> Citrus4. Amphisarca : Wood apple, Bael<\/li>\n
            4. Balusta : <\/em> Pomegranate<\/li>\n
            5. Pome (false fruit) : <\/em> Apple, Pear<\/li>\n
            6. Pepo : <\/em> Cuarbits<\/li>\n
            7. Single seeded berry : <\/em> Dates<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              IMPORTANT key points to remember<\/strong><\/p>\n